Atopic dermatitis (AD)
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease characterized by recurrent episodes of inflammation and itching of the skin. It is a condition that often occurs in children, but can also affect adults. AD usually develops as a result of a combination of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors.
Description of the problem
The main symptom of atopic dermatitis is itching, which can be very bothersome and lead to skin irritation and the formation of blisters and lumps. The skin of patients with atopic dermatitis is often dry, rough and may show a tendency to crack and psoriasis. The severe itching can lead to scratching, which worsens the problem and can lead to bacterial infections.
The causes of atopic dermatitis are not fully understood, but there are many factors that can contribute to its occurrence. These include genetic predisposition, environmental factors (such as allergens, air pollution or even weather changes), immune system disorders and improper skin barrier function. A factor triggering the symptoms of atopic dermatitis can be contact with irritants, food allergens or plant pollen.
Treatment
Treatment for atopic dermatitis usually includes both pharmacological and non-medical methods of relieving symptoms. Topical treatments include creams or ointments containing corticosteroids, which reduce skin inflammation and provide relief from itching. Additionally, emollients, or moisturisers, are used to help maintain the skin’s moisture level and strengthen its protective barrier. In some cases, when symptoms are very severe, oral or immunosuppressive therapy may also be necessary.
It is also important to avoid triggers such as irritants, food allergens or stress, and to maintain proper skin care, regularly using emollients and avoiding long, hot baths. Regular dermatological care is also crucial in the case of atopic dermatitis to monitor the skin condition and adapt therapy to the changing needs of the patient. With proper treatment and care for the skin, it is possible to alleviate the symptoms of atopic dermatitis and improve the quality of life of patients.
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