Discoloration
Skin discoloration is a change in pigmentation, characterized by darker or lighter patches on the skin’s surface. It can be the result of an excess of melanin (hyperpigmentation) or a lack of it (hypopigmentation) in certain areas. Discoloration can be caused by a variety of factors, including sun exposure, skin aging, trauma, skin diseases, hormonal changes, genetics, and the effects of certain medications.
Description of the problem
The most common type of skin discoloration is age spots, which usually appear as a result of excessive exposure to UV radiation and skin aging. Another type of discoloration is sun spots, which are the result of a buildup of melanin in the skin due to excessive exposure to the sun without sun protection. Additionally, discoloration can occur as a result of acne, burns, trauma, allergic reactions, dermatitis, hormonal changes (e.g. pregnancy, menopause), and excessive use of certain medications, such as antibiotics or contraception.
Treatment
There are various treatment methods that can help reduce the visibility of discolorations and improve the appearance of the skin. The most commonly used methods include creams and gels containing active ingredients such as azelaic acid, kojic acid, vitamin C, retinoids or salicylic acid, which have a brightening effect and regulate melanin production. In addition, there are also treatment methods such as laser therapy, light therapy, chemical peels, microneedling or mesotherapy, which can be effective in reducing skin discoloration.
In the case of skin discoloration caused by skin diseases or other factors that require specialist diagnostics and treatment, it is worth consulting a dermatologist. It is also important to prevent the formation of new discolorations by regularly using sunscreens, avoiding excessive exposure to the sun, a healthy lifestyle and proper skin care.
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